Dental discoloration is one of the most problems that annoying dental patients especially females. These days can be considered the era of white teeth. So before thinking about teeth whitening you should first understand why the tooth become stained from the beginning trying to avoid stains as much as possible.
Types of dental stains
A-discoloration from inside the tooth(internal):
discoloration that present inside the tooth can come from tooth pulp, colored materials that retained inside the tooth material during tooth development or an extrinsic stains that can penetrate inside the tooth from outside
Internal discoloration that is formed before the eruption of the tooth:
This type of dental discoloration can be caused by genetic defects that affect the tooth during tooth formation and cause the tooth to be rough and porous which make it stains very easy or even erupt stained from the beginning , increased fluoride uptake(during pregnancy or early childhood) also can cause severe staining, also some drugs can cause severe staining when used during pregnancy and early childhood like tetracycline antibiotic.
Also physical trauma during dental development (pregnant mom, or early childhood) can cause dental discoloration and deformations.
last thing some diseases can cause tooth discoloration during dental development like(porphyria, infant jaundice, vitamin deficiency, phenylketonuria, haematological anaemia and many bleeding disorders disorders) because the blood pigments are retained inside tooth dentine.
Causes internal stains that is formed after the eruption of the tooth:
MINOCYCLINE antibiotic :
minocycline is an antibiotic that used to treat many infections. The use of this antibiotic especially with the adolescent and young patient . The discoloration is caused by the reaction of the minocycline that is circulating in the blood vessels inside the tooth pulp with the tooth dentine. This reaction causing intrinsic discoloration that cant be removed even after the treatment is stopped.
nerve death(pulp necrosis) :
This can be the result of bacterial, mechanical or chemical irritation to the pulp. Pulp death cause breaking of the blood cells and release of the iron blood iron pigments (hemoglobin) and also fermentation of the other organic materials inside the dead pulp by the bacteria all of this causing stains that penetrate the tooth dentine. To prevent this discoloration you must treat teeth with caries and traumatized teeth as early as possible to prevent the stains from going deep inside the tooth dentin
Dental caries tooth discoloration:
dental caries can cause dental staining from light yellow to even deep black color. discoloration here come from the bacterial products of the bacteria causing the caries also stains from food stagnate in the cavity and penetrate the broken enamel .
Dental fillings or materials :
Amalgam is one of the most common filling materials that used to fill carious teeth. Unfortunately amalgam is a metallic mixture that contains silver, mercury and cupper so it simply rust in the oral conditions producing a very dark oxides that penetrate the tooth causing a dark grey colour which can be very bad looking if used in the smile line. so you should pay a little more to change the treatment plan to be more aesthetic (using tooth colored restorations or covering the tooth with veneers or crown will help for sure)
AGEING stains:
Thinning of enamel, dentine deposition, stains accumulation and changes in the saliva composition cause the tooth to be darker by time.
B-Extrinsic daily acquired external stains:
. They cause superficial colour changes, which are removed by prophylaxis.
Plaque
plaque and calculus on the surface of the tooth give it a yellow appear ance this type of discoloration should be removed by the scaling and polishing periodically(6 m)·
Tobacco
Tobacco in the form of cigarettes, pipe, cigars and chewing tobacco can cause very dark deep discoloration that can even penetrate the tooth and become very hard to remove because tobacco make the tooth become bitted and easy to be penetrated by tobacco stains· So if you are a smoker try to wash the tobacco remnants as fast of possible not to penetrate the tooth and affect it’s enamel surface, so especially brush your teeth before going to sleep .
tooth stains from food and beverages:
Consumption of food and drink such as coffee ,tea ,red wine and berries , curry, and colas results in surface discoloration .It may be that tea and coffee in the freshly prepared state cause more staining of teeth and dental restorations than ‘instant’ brands . so if you like tea or coffee it is ok but brush your teeth just after drinking tea or coffee no to give it the chance to cause staining. also using the whitening tooth pastes can be useful but follow the instructions not to hurt your enamel.
Chlorhexidine mouth wash :
using mouth wash’s containing chlorohixidine for a prolonged period can cause also teeth staining
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